Unravelling the impact of courtyard geometry on cooling energy consumption in buildings

At present, the energy used for air conditioning in buildings urban areas accounts over 36% of total global consumption. Energy efficiency has become a critical factor planning cities worldwide. Courtyard hot are prime example approach traditional vernacular architecture to mitigate effects extreme weather. However, given challenge guaranteeing accurate modelling microclimates within these courtyards, their impact on demand been routinely overlooked by certification tools. This work examines three empirical case studies selected Seville city (Spain), where temperatures during summer months extreme. The display distinct geometric variations, and primary objective research is assess influence this cooling building indoors. To achieve this, validated methodology combining experimental numerical data was implemented evaluate performance with courtyards. Different simulations were conducted detect individual courtyard features. results show reduction 8–18% depending geometry courtyard. Analysis also carried out floor level orientation adjacent rooms, revealing differences 15% 22%, respectively. main conclusion that use courtyards as functional devices, paying particular attention geometry, key buildings.